Which two organelles are primarily involved in energy conversion?

The two organelles primarily involved in energy conversion are the mitochondria and chloroplasts, which is why this is the correct choice.

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouses of the cell." They play a crucial role in converting energy stored in food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy currency of the cell. This process is known as cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are transformed into ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are found in plant cells and some protists. They are responsible for photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This takes place by converting carbon dioxide and water using sunlight, which is then stored as energy-rich carbohydrates.

Both organelles are vital for energy metabolism within their respective cells—mitochondria for energy release in animal cells and chloroplasts for energy capture in plant cells. Together, they facilitate the flow of energy through living organisms, allowing them to grow, reproduce, and perform essential life functions.