Which part of the plant cell is responsible for converting sunlight into energy?

The chloroplast is the part of the plant cell responsible for converting sunlight into energy through the process of photosynthesis. Inside the chloroplasts, chlorophyll, the green pigment, captures sunlight. This energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. The glucose produced serves as an energy source for the plant and can be used in various metabolic processes or stored for later use. Chloroplasts are essential for the survival of plants and, by extension, for life on Earth, as they are a fundamental part of the food chain and also produce oxygen, which is vital for many organisms.

The other components mentioned, such as ribosomes, mitochondria, and the Golgi apparatus, perform different functions. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell for energy production through cellular respiration, and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.