Which organelle is primarily involved in protein synthesis?

The ribosome is primarily involved in protein synthesis, making it a crucial component of the cell. Ribosomes are cellular structures that facilitate the translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. During this process, ribosomes read the sequence of mRNA to assemble the correct amino acids in the appropriate order, ultimately forming a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein.

Ribosomes can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, contributing to the synthesis of proteins either for use within the cell or for export outside of it. This function is essential for cell growth, repair, and overall functioning, as proteins play key roles in nearly all cellular processes.