Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. ATP is essential for powering various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biochemical synthesis. Mitochondria generate ATP through a process called cellular respiration, where they convert biochemical energy from nutrients into this usable form of energy.

In addition to energy production, mitochondria also play key roles in regulating metabolism and apoptosis (programmed cell death), making them vital for overall cell health and function. Their unique structure, which includes an inner membrane that houses the electron transport chain, is specifically designed to facilitate these energy-converting processes efficiently.