What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they play a crucial role in energy production. They are responsible for a process called cellular respiration, where glucose and oxygen are converted into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell. This process also produces carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. ATP is essential for various cellular functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and biosynthesis. The structure of the mitochondria, with its inner and outer membranes, is highly specialized to facilitate these biochemical reactions, making them vital for the energy needs of the cell.