What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are essential cellular structures primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins. They achieve this by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which then fold into functional proteins. This process is fundamental to all living organisms, as proteins play crucial roles in virtually all biological processes, including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.

The synthesis of proteins by ribosomes occurs in two key locations within the cell: free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming rough ER. This versatility allows the cell to produce a diverse array of proteins needed for various functions.

Understanding ribosomes' role in protein synthesis highlights their importance in the overall function of cells, as proteins are vital for growth, repair, and regulation of cellular activities.