What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the cell by modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Once proteins are produced, they need to be processed to become functional; this often involves adding carbohydrates or phosphates, which the Golgi apparatus is responsible for. After modification, the Golgi apparatus packages these proteins into vesicles that will transport them to their destination, either within the cell or outside of it.

This function is essential for ensuring that proteins reach the correct location and are in the proper form to carry out their specific roles, such as acting as enzymes, participating in cell signaling, or forming part of the cell structure. The Golgi apparatus essentially acts as a cellular post office that not only dispatches proteins but also makes sure that they are labeled correctly for their intended destinations.