What characteristic of nerve cells assists in efficient signal transmission?

Nerve cells, also known as neurons, possess long extensions, which are critical for efficient signal transmission. These long extensions, called axons, can transmit electrical impulses over considerable distances within the body, allowing for rapid communication between different parts of the nervous system. The length of the axon helps to quickly relay signals from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands.

Additionally, the long extensions are often insulated with a fatty substance called myelin, which further enhances the speed of signal transmission. This adaptation is crucial for the functioning of the nervous system, ensuring that messages can travel quickly and efficiently across potentially long distances, such as from the toes to the brain or vice versa. The design of nerve cells, particularly their long extensions, is therefore optimized for fast and effective communication, which is essential for responding to stimuli and coordinating bodily functions.