What cellular structure is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

The mitochondria are referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they are primarily responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell. This energy is essential for fueling various cellular processes and functions, such as movement, growth, and maintenance. Mitochondria have a unique structure that includes an inner and outer membrane, with the inner membrane folded into structures called cristae, which increases the surface area for energy production. The process by which mitochondria generate ATP is called cellular respiration, where they convert nutrients and oxygen into energy. This ability to produce energy makes mitochondria crucial for the survival and functioning of nearly all eukaryotic cells.