What cell type is responsible for transporting water throughout a plant?

The xylem cell is specifically adapted for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to the rest of the plant, including the leaves. Xylem cells have a unique structure that allows them to efficiently carry water against the force of gravity through a combination of capillary action and transpiration. They form long tubes that facilitate this movement, ensuring that all parts of the plant receive the hydration necessary for processes such as photosynthesis and nutrient uptake.

Root hair cells, while they do play a critical role in water absorption at the roots, primarily function at the interface between the soil and the plant by increasing surface area for absorption. Phloem cells are involved in the transport of sugars and nutrients produced during photosynthesis rather than water. Surface cells generally refer to the outer layer of plant tissues and do not have a specialized role in the transport of water. Hence, xylem cells are the correct answer, as they are the dedicated cells in plants that handle water transportation.