Name the organelle responsible for photosynthesis.

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are specialized structures found in the cells of plants and some algae. They contain the green pigment chlorophyll, which captures sunlight and uses its energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. This process is vital for plants as it allows them to produce their own food and provides oxygen as a by-product, which is essential for many living organisms on Earth.

The other organelles mentioned have different functions: mitochondria are involved in cellular respiration and energy production, ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, and the Golgi apparatus functions in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or use within the cell. Understanding the distinct roles of each organelle helps clarify why chloroplasts are specifically linked to the process of photosynthesis.